Continuous cardiotocography during labour: Analysis, classification and management.

Randomised controlled trial of cardiotocography versus Doppler auscultation of fetal heart at admission in labour in low risk obstetric population.

OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of admission cardiotocography and Doppler auscultation of the fetal heart on neonatal outcome and levels of obstetric intervention in a low risk obstetric population. DESIGN Randomised controlled trial. SETTING Obstetric unit of teaching hospital PARTICIPANTS Pregnant women who had no obstetric complications that warranted continuous monitoring of fetal hea...

Cardiotocography during labour.

Fetal electrocardiogram: ST waveform analysis in intrapartum surveillance

ST waveform analysis of fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) for intrapartum surveillance (STAN) is a newly introduced method for fetal surveillance. The purpose of this commentary is to assist in the proper use of fetal ECG in combination with cardiotocography (CTG) during labour. Guidelines and recommendations concerning CTG and ST waveform interpretation and classification are stated that were agre...

Admission cardiotocography as a screening test in high risk pregnancies and its co-relation with peri-natal outcome

Background: Birth asphyxia which results due to deprivation of oxygen to the foetus during the birth process is still the leading cause of perinatal death. So the labour should be monitored by an effective method. Electronic foetal monitoring is quite promising in this regard. The present study was done to project the effectiveness of cardiotocography (CTG) at admission to labour room in high r...

Continuous cardiotocography (CTG) as a form of electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) for fetal assessment during labour.

BACKGROUND Cardiotocography (CTG) records changes in the fetal heart rate and their temporal relationship to uterine contractions. The aim is to identify babies who may be short of oxygen (hypoxic) to guide additional assessments of fetal wellbeing, or determine if the baby needs to be delivered by caesarean section or instrumental vaginal birth. This is an update of a review previously publish...